How to Get DOT Authority: Essential Steps for New Trucking Businesses

What if launching your trucking business legally could take as little as two weeks with the right preparation?

Most aspiring trucking entrepreneurs delay their launch for months because getting DOT authority seems overwhelming. They're buried under acronyms like USDOT, MC, BOC-3, and UCR, unsure which forms to file first. Meanwhile, competitors who figured out the system are already booking loads and generating revenue.

The truth is, obtaining operating authority isn't as complicated as it appears—but missing a single step can trigger delays that keep your trucks parked for weeks. We're about to walk you through the exact process for getting your DOT and MC authority, eliminating the guesswork and getting your trucking business on the road faster.

Key Takeaways

Understanding DOT authority requirements prevents costly delays and keeps your trucking business moving. The registration process involves specific federal requirements, but knowing the essentials streamlines your launch timeline significantly.

DOT and MC numbers aren't the same thing: Your USDOT number tracks your safety compliance and operations history, while MC authority grants you legal permission to haul regulated freight for hire in interstate commerce. Most trucking businesses need both to operate legally.

Your business structure shapes your protection: You can technically get a DOT number as a sole proprietor, but that decision leaves your personal assets—your home, savings, and vehicles—completely exposed to business liabilities. An LLC helps create a legal shield that protects your family's financial security when accidents or claims arise.

Application timing matters: You must obtain your USDOT number before applying for MC authority. After that, you'll need to file your BOC-3 process agent designation and submit insurance documentation before your 10-day protest period ends.

Budget beyond just registration fees: Plan for $6,000-$16,000 in first-year expenses including cargo insurance, UCR fees, IFTA licensing, IRP registration, and state-specific permits. Understanding these costs upfront prevents surprises that can delay your launch.

Compliance is continuous, not one-time: Maintaining operating authority requires updating your MCS-150 every two years, keeping insurance coverage active without any lapses, renewing UCR annually, filing quarterly IFTA reports, and preparing for your new entrant safety audit.

Understanding DOT and MC Authority

What is DOT Authority?

A USDOT number is a unique identifier issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). It is used to collect and monitor a company’s safety information, including inspections, compliance reviews, crash investigations, and audits.​

According to the FMCSA, companies that operate commercial vehicles transporting passengers or hauling cargo in interstate commerce must register with the FMCSA and obtain a USDOT number. You are required to have a USDOT number if your vehicle:​

• Has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) or gross combination weight rating (GCWR) of 10,001 pounds or more.

• Is designed or used to transport more than 8 passengers (including the driver) for compensation.

• Is designed or used to transport more than 15 passengers (including the driver) not for compensation.

• Is used to transport hazardous materials requiring a safety permit under federal law.​

Your operation must also involve interstate commerce, which means transporting goods or passengers across state lines or within a state as part of trade, traffic, or transportation that originates or terminates outside that state.​

Additionally, several states require carriers engaged in intrastate commerce to obtain a USDOT number for certain types of operations, even if they do not cross state lines.​

What is MC Authority?

MC Authority (Motor Carrier Authority) is a form of federal operating authority issued by FMCSA. It grants for-hire carriers legal permission to transport regulated commodities or passengers in interstate commerce for compensation.​

Unlike the USDOT number, which tracks safety compliance, MC Authority determines what type of for-hire operations a company may perform and what cargo it can legally transport. Carriers without MC authority cannot legally haul freight or passengers for hire across state lines.​

To activate MC authority, carriers must meet financial responsibility requirements, which include providing proof of insurance. Motor carriers must maintain proof of public liability insurance (via BMC-91/91X). Brokers and freight forwarders must demonstrate $75,000 in financial responsibility by filing a BMC-84 surety bond or BMC-85 trust fund.

Differences Between USDOT and MC Numbers

Comparison	USDOT Number	MC Number (Operating Authority)
Purpose	Unique identifier FMCSA uses to collect and monitor a company’s safety information (audits, inspections, crash investigations, compliance reviews).	Authorizes for-hire interstate commerce (type of operation/cargo permitted); brokers and freight forwarders also obtain operating authority.
Who Needs It	Carriers operating CMVs in interstate commerce that meet FMCSA thresholds (e.g., >10,000 lbs. GVW/GCWR, certain passenger counts, hazmat); some states also require it for intrastate carriers.	For-hire carriers transporting passengers or federally regulated commodities in interstate commerce (plus brokers/freight forwarders need authority). Not required for purely private carriers or those hauling only exempt commodities.
Cost	Free to obtain from FMCSA.	$300 per operating authority application (non-refundable).
Insurance Requirement	Not required just to obtain a USDOT number.	Insurance filings (e.g., BMC-91/91X) and BOC-3 must be on file before authority is granted/activated.
Issued By	FMCSA	FMCSA

In essence, your USDOT number identifies you for safety compliance, while your MC authority legally allows you to operate for hire in interstate commerce. Many carriers need both to operate legally.

Prerequisites for Obtaining DOT Authority

Do You Need an LLC to Get a DOT Number?

You do not need an LLC to obtain a DOT number. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) issues USDOT numbers to individuals, sole proprietors, partnerships, corporations, and LLCs alike. Whether you operate under your name or as a registered business entity, FMCSA identifies each applicant as a "person" under federal law.​

That said, operating a trucking business without legal liability protection is extremely risky. The trucking industry carries significant exposure—accidents, cargo damage, and personal injury claims can easily reach six or seven figures. Without an LLC or corporate shield in place, every business debt or lawsuit becomes your personal responsibility, putting your house, cars, and savings at risk.

While an LLC is not legally required to obtain a USDOT number, most carriers form one to separate personal and business liability and to present a professional structure when applying for contracts or insurance.​

Importance of Having a Business Structure

A limited liability company (LLC) or other formal business entity establishes a legal barrier between your personal assets and your company’s operations. In most cases, creditors and plaintiffs cannot access your personal property to satisfy business debts or judgments.​

For trucking companies, this protection is crucial. Accidents involving commercial vehicles often result in substantial injury or property claims. Cargo damage can quickly exceed insurance coverage limits, and equipment failures can lead to costly litigation. New carriers, in particular, face elevated risk while building their safety and compliance records.

Essential Documents Required

Before beginning the FMCSA registration process, gather these required documents and details :​

• Legal business name, DBA (if applicable), and Employer Identification Number (EIN) or Social Security Number.

• Business structure and ownership information (sole proprietor, LLC, corporation, etc.)

• Principal officer or owner contact details.

• Physical and mailing addresses for business locations.

• Vehicle information, including VIN, make, model, and weight.

• Insurance agent or provider details for operating authority registration (if applicable).

These details must be entered accurately during your Unified Registration System (URS) application. FMCSA uses this information to verify your identity, record your business structure, and maintain safety tracking through your USDOT number.​

In summary, an LLC is not mandatory to obtain a USDOT number—but it is strongly recommended for liability protection and professionalism. The FMCSA requires applicants to provide verifiable business and vehicle information, and meeting these documentation standards is essential to successfully register your trucking operation.

Step-by-Step Guide: How to Get DOT and MC Numbers

Step 1: Apply for DOT Number

Visit the FMCSA’s Unified Registration System (URS) to begin your online application. The registration process typically takes 30–45 minutes, depending on the complexity of your business information.

During the application, the FMCSA requires accurate details about your motor carrier operations, including business structure, types of cargo, operating radius (interstate or intrastate authority), vehicle types, and whether you'll transport hazardous materials. This ensures compliance with all federal motor carrier safety regulations.

After submission, the FMCSA usually assigns your USDOT number. This number is your official safety identifier, but it does not grant operating authority—that comes later through your MC application.

Step 2: Apply for MC Number

Once you have your DOT number, apply for Motor Carrier (MC) authority through the same FMCSA registration portal. This step is required if you plan to operate as a for-hire carrier across state lines.

Choose the appropriate operating authority:

• Common Authority – for most general freight carriers.

• Contract Authority – for carriers working under specific contracts with shippers.

If you're considering starting a carrier business, you may want to form an LLC (Limited Liability Company) for liability protection and other benefits.

You’ll also classify your cargo type (general freight, household goods, passengers, or exempt commodities).

The MC application includes a $300 fee, payable online. After receiving your provisional MC number, new applicants have 90 days to submit proof of adequate liability and cargo insurance to finalize approval.​

Submit Required Insurance Filings and UCR Registration

To activate operating authority, carriers must maintain minimum levels of financial responsibility as required by the FMCSA:

$750,000 minimum for most for-hire property carriers, including household goods carriers.

$1,000,000 to $5,000,000 for carriers transporting hazardous materials or passengers, depending on the type and quantity of materials or passenger capacity.

Your insurance company must electronically file Form BMC-91 or BMC-91X with the FMCSA to verify active liability coverage. In addition, household goods carriers must also maintain cargo insurance and have their insurer file Form BMC-34 (cargo insurance) and BMC-32 (cargo surety bond). If any coverage lapses, the FMCSA will automatically suspend your authority.

Next, complete Unified Carrier Registration (UCR)—an annual fee-based program supporting interstate safety enforcement efforts. Current UCR fees start at approximately $76 per year for carriers operating with two or fewer commercial vehicles.

This approach helps ensure you meet all FMCSA administrative requirements when launching your trucking company.

Step 4: Submit BOC‑3 Filing

The BOC‑3 form designates a process agent authorized to receive legal documents in each state where you operate. Carriers cannot activate operating authority without this filing.

Using a professional process service provider like InCorp for your BOC-3 ensures you’re covered in every state with qualified local agents, so legal documents are received and forwarded promptly—reducing the risk of missed deadlines or default judgments. Providers file electronically for you and your FMCSA record updates automatically, minimizing errors and paperwork. You also get centralized support for address or name changes, a clear audit trail, etc., so you don’t have to manage dozens of individual agents yourself.

Understanding the Costs Involved

What Are the Fees for DOT and MC Registration?

Registering for a USDOT Number is free through the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration’s Unified Registration System (URS). The MC Authority Application fee is $300 per authority type, as set by FMCSA regulations.​

Your BOC‑3 Filing—which designates a process agent—usually costs $30–$150, depending on the filing service you choose.​

Under the Unified Carrier Registration (UCR) Plan, 2025 fees rose by approximately 25%, now starting at $46 annually for small carriers operating two or fewer commercial vehicles. This fee helps fund nationwide state carrier safety programs.​

Insurance will likely be your most significant recurring expense. To meet FMCSA’s minimum liability requirements, expect to pay:

• $9,000–$15,000 per year on average for commercial truck insurance.​

• Minimum federal coverage ranges from $750,000 to $5 million, depending on freight type (general freight, household goods, hazardous materials, or passenger service).​

Some states impose additional permit and tax obligations:

• International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA): Required for interstate carriers operating heavy vehicles; setup typically costs $10–$50, varying by state.​

• International Registration Plan (IRP): Provides apportioned plates for interstate carriers and costs $500–$2,000, depending on weight and mileage.​

• State-specific permits: States like New Mexico require separate intrastate or weight-distance permits for commercial motor vehicles.​

Overall, plan to budget $6,000 to $16,000 in your first year for registration fees, filings, permits, insurance, and basic compliance expenses.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Getting Your Own Authority

Some new carriers start by leasing onto an existing carrier, which greatly reduces startup costs since the carrier provides insurance and regulatory authority. However, in such arrangements, leased operators typically earn only 60–80% of gross load revenue.​

Obtaining your own FMCSA operating authority offers full revenue potential, control, and business independence. For most experienced drivers or owner-operators with consistent freight contracts, the added costs are typically recovered within a few months through higher profit margins and business flexibility.

Post‑Application Process

How Long Does It Take to Get Your Authority?

Your USDOT number is issued immediately after completing your application through the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). The FMCSA typically assigns your operating authority (MC number) within 3–5 business days.​

For your authority to become active, you must:

1. Have your insurance company file proof of insurance (Form BMC‑91 or BMC‑34).

2. Submit a BOC‑3 process agent designation.

3. Complete the 21‑day federally mandated protest period, allowing time for any objections before activation.​

Most carriers can expect their operating authority to become active in approximately 3–4 weeks, though applications that undergo additional review can take up to 8 weeks.​

Steps After Receiving Your DOT Authority

Once you receive your USDOT authority:

• Display your USDOT number on both sides of each power unit in legible lettering that contrasts sharply with the background and is visible from 50 feet. FMCSA no longer specifies an exact letter height requirement—visibility is the standard.​

• Submit form MCS‑150 within 90 days of beginning operations to update carrier details in the FMCSA database.​

• Maintain records for driver qualification files, hours‑of‑service logs, vehicle maintenance, and your drug‑and‑alcohol testing program to comply with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs).

The New Entrant Safety Audit takes place within 12 months of receiving your USDOT number. During this time, FMCSA evaluates your safety management systems and verifies regulatory compliance through the 18‑month New Entrant Monitor Program before full permanent status is granted.​

If you operate across state lines, you also need:

• An IFTA license (International Fuel Tax Agreement) for multi‑state fuel reporting.

• IRP registration (International Registration Plan) to obtain apportioned plates for interstate operations.​

How to Maintain Your DOT and MC Authority

To stay compliant and keep your authority active:

• File your MCS‑150 biennial update every two years or within 30 days of any business change. Failure to update can result in deactivation or fines.​

• Maintain continuous insurance coverage—a lapse of even one day automatically suspends operating authority.​

• Renew your Unified Carrier Registration (UCR) annually; fees support state enforcement of safety programs.​

• If engaged in interstate commerce, keep your IFTA account active and submit quarterly tax reports.

• Maintain a valid BOC‑3 (process agent) filing on record with the FMCSA. A lapse or invalidation of process agent coverage can result in suspension of your operating authority.

Consistent safety management is essential. Poor safety performance scores can trigger FMCSA audits, financial penalties, higher insurance premiums, or even loss of operating authority.​

Registration Modernization Update (MC Numbers)

FMCSA has proposed phasing out MC numbers in a future release of its modernized registration system. Under the proposal, the USDOT number would serve as the primary identifier, with suffixes used within FMCSA systems to denote authority types (motor carrier, broker, freight forwarder). This change is not yet in effect, no final effective date has been announced, and it will not occur in the first release of the new system. Vehicle markings remain unchanged—you must continue to display your legal/trade name and USDOT number per 49 CFR § 390.21; suffixes are not a vehicle-marking requirement. Monitor FMCSA for the final rule and implementation timeline before updating contracts, insurance filings, or internal systems.

How a Professional Service Can Help

A professional compliance provider like InCorp simplifies parts of the operating authority process by handling BOC‑3 process agent designation—a federal requirement for motor carriers, brokers, and freight forwarders. We also offer related business formation and registered agent services, helping establish and maintain your business entity in good standing.

Conclusion

Getting your DOT authority isn't as overwhelming as it first appears once you understand the sequence and requirements. Thousands of carriers successfully complete this process and launch profitable trucking operations every year.

The structure you choose today determines how protected your personal assets remain tomorrow. Most serious trucking entrepreneurs form an LLC before starting the application process, creating that crucial separation between business operations and family finances.

Your action plan starts with gathering essential documentation—your EIN, business entity information, principal officer details, and vehicle specifications. This preparation eliminates delays when you're ready to file.

The application sequence follows a specific path: obtain your USDOT number first, then file for MC authority while simultaneously arranging your insurance coverage and process agent designation. The 21-day protest period gives you time to complete these supporting requirements before your authority activates.

First-year costs typically range from $6,000 to $16,000 when you factor in federal filings, insurance premiums, UCR registration, IFTA setup, IRP registration, and any additional state permits your operation requires. Budget appropriately so capital shortfalls don't delay your launch.

Operating authority comes with ongoing responsibilities. You'll update MCS-150 information every two years, maintain continuous insurance coverage, renew UCR annually, file quarterly IFTA reports if you're crossing state lines, and prepare for your new entrant safety audit within the first 12-18 months.

The authority you obtain becomes the legal foundation for every load you haul, every broker relationship you build, and every dollar your trucking business earns. Start with proper documentation, follow the requirements precisely, and commit to maintaining compliance—that's how successful carriers build operations that last.

FAQs

Can I file my own BOC‑3 and act as my own process agent?

No, motor carriers cannot serve as their own BOC‑3 process agent. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration requires that the BOC‑3 form—Designation of Agents for Service of Process—be filed by an authorized process agent on behalf of the carrier.

The only exception applies to brokers or freight forwarders who do not operate commercial motor vehicles; they may file the BOC‑3 form themselves.

A process agent is responsible for receiving legal documents in each state and forwarding them promptly to the carrier. Each agent must have a physical office address and be available during standard business hours.

InCorp provides blanket BOC‑3 coverage, meaning we can represent your business in every U.S. state and file the form electronically with the FMCSA, ensuring your registration meets federal requirements.

Can I operate my trucking business as a sole proprietor?

Yes. It is possible to operate a trucking business as a sole proprietor and obtain both USDOT and MC (operating authority) credentials under your personal name through the FMCSA’s Unified Registration System (URS).

However, a sole proprietorship does not provide personal liability protection. Your personal assets—such as your home, vehicle, and savings—may be at risk for business debts or legal claims.

Although the FMCSA does not require forming an LLC or corporation, many owner-operators choose to establish a separate legal entity to limit personal liability, enhance business credibility, and streamline tax reporting. This structure also helps distinguish between personal and business finances, making compliance and record-keeping more straightforward.

What happens if my insurance lapses after getting authority?

Your insurance coverage must remain active and continuous to maintain operating authority. If your insurance policy lapses, your insurance company is federally required to notify the FMCSA immediately by withdrawing the BMC‑91X or BMC‑34 insurance filing.​

Once this occurs, the FMCSA will suspend your operating authority automatically, and you must cease all for‑hire operations until new coverage is filed and approved. Carriers can reinstate authority by having their insurer resubmit proof of insurance through the FMCSA system.

If insurance remains inactive for an extended period, the FMCSA may revoke your operating authority completely.​

Do I need both DOT and MC numbers for box truck delivery?

If you are hauling cargo for hire and operating a box truck weighing over 10,001 pounds in interstate commerce (crossing state lines), you must have the right business structure, and:

• A USDOT number, required for all interstate carriers to track safety compliance, and

• Operating authority (MC) for for‑hire carriers transporting regulated commodities or property for compensation.​

You only need a USDOT number if:

• You are transporting your own goods (a private carrier), or

• You are hauling exempt commodities not subject to federal regulation.

Note: FMCSA has proposed phasing out the assignment of standalone MC numbers as part of its Registration Modernization effort. Under the proposal, the USDOT number would become the primary identifier, with suffixes used within FMCSA systems to denote authority types (carrier, broker, freight forwarder). This change is not yet in effect, has no announced effective date, and will not occur in the first release of the new system. Vehicle marking rules are unchanged—you must continue to display your legal/trade name and USDOT number (suffixes are not required on vehicles).

Can I get my authority faster by paying extra fees?

No. The FMCSA does not offer expedited or premium processing for DOT or operating authority applications.​

All applicants must complete the 10‑day federally mandated protest period, which cannot be shortened or bypassed by paying additional fees. This waiting period ensures public transparency and allows time for any valid protest filings before operating authority is granted, in accordance with 49 CFR § 365.203.

However, you can avoid unnecessary delays by:

• Submitting accurate information in your URS application,

• Ensuring your insurance filing and BOC‑3 process agent designation are completed promptly, and

• Responding quickly to any FMCSA follow‑up requests.

Typical processing times remain 20–25 business days when all documents are complete and clear of protests.

Simplify Your BOC-3 Filing and Stay Compliant

We make it easy for trucking companies and freight brokers to meet federal compliance requirements. As an FMCSA-authorized blanket process agent, we file your BOC-3 electronically and provide nationwide representation in every state.

Through secure electronic access to your compliance documents and reliable nationwide service, we help ensure your business remains in good standing with the FMCSA. Whether you’re applying for operating authority or maintaining your ongoing compliance, we support you with accuracy, responsiveness, and expert guidance.

Contact us today to designate InCorp as your blanket BOC-3 process agent and keep your trucking business on the road to compliance and success.

Our broader business compliance support also includes registered agent services, business entity formation with proper business entity structures for liability protection. Don’t let registration confusion delay your launch or risk costly compliance mistakes affecting your active authority status.

Share This Article: